A tree containing a nest may harbour up to a million termites in the single colony. Coptotermes acinaciformis can also construct subsidiary termite nests away from the main colony nest. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Minimizing moving distance in deposition behavior of the. Mastotermes darwiniensis microsomes contained a similar quantity of total cytochrome p450 as coptotermes acinaciformis but the activities of aldrin epoxidase ae, 7ethoxyresorufin odeethylase erod and 7ethoxycoumarin odeethylase ecod were 4. Coptotermes elisae desneux and coptotermes hyaloapex holmgren are shown to be synonymous, with the former name having priority. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The present work characterized a new endogenous cellulase endo. Worker termites from this genus forage underground and move about in roofed tunnels that they build along the surface. We induced the formation of neotenics in laboratory colonies through orphaning experiments. New technology for managing the formosan subterranean. Whilst they all have common biology there are key differences in their behavior characteristics.
Formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki, a native of china kistner 1985, was introduced into the united states after the end of world war ii. Coptotermes acinaciformis are secretive and build their nests underground often near eucalypts trees. Coptotermes the top subterranean termite pests termite web. In this study, we investigated the deposition behavior of the formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki, in experimental arenas having different widths 2, 3, and 4 mm, and characterized the function of deposited particles. Several species of coptotermes exist in australia, and its very tasking differentiating one from the other.
Fourteen species have been added to the list in the past 44 years. The present study was carried out for elucidating aspects of nymph foraging behavior in brazil where the species coptotermes gestroi wasmann, 1896 is exotic. It is similar to the cfeg3a described earlier zhang et al. Monitoring was conducted through making regular collections from seven different colonies for a. Ecological benefits of termite soil interaction and. Coptotermes acinaciformis is the most economically important termite in australia gay and calaby 1970. Since then, this termite has become the most destructive household pest in the southern united states, causing millions of dollars in damage annually su and tamashiro 1987. Subterranean termite swarmers are attracted to light so if they emerge indoors they will be seen flying to windowsills and open doors. Systematics molecular systematics of coptotermes isoptera. Termites are social insects and build a communal nest. Rhinotermitidae is one of the most economically important subterranean termite genera and some species are successful invaders. Trial 1 was conducted with the treenesting form on private property near esk 27 017 s, 152 200e, 45 km northwest of brisbane, queensland.
Food searching activity by subterranean termites involves workers, soldiers and nymphs. The major detoxication enzymes have een characterized in preparations of two economically important termite species. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. Coptotermitinae is an exotic species in brazil and information concerning its reproductive developmental biology is scarce. Cryptotermes colombianus is described from two soldiers and genetic sequences. This page was last edited on 8 january 2016, at 15. Ecological benefits of termite soil interaction and microbial symbiosis 67 figure 1. Prospects for the biological control of subterranean. Colony population size of coptotermes acinaciformis froggatt, a species of moundbuilding, woodeating, subterranean termite from tropical australia, was estimated using a markrecapture protocol and by direct counts of individuals collected from mounds. Rhinotermitidae from east asia and australia bengkeok yeap, ahmad sofiman othman, and chowyang lee1 school of biological sciences, universiti sains malaysia, 11800 penang, malaysia. Another local destructive species, nasutitermes exitiosus is a mound builder.
Orphaning experiments were conducted in threeyear old colonies of c. Usually, termite swarming either indoors or outside is the first indication to homeowners that they have a subterranean termite infestation. Cryptotermes colombianus a new drywood termite and. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. Although most research has focused on invasive termites in urban areas, molecular identification methods have. Although most research has focused on invasive termites in urban areas, molecular. Just like coptotermes acinaciformis, the soldiers produce milky liquid from a gland from their head when threatened. The genus is thought to have originated in southeastern asia. There are about seventyone species, many of which are economically destructive pests. H s i genetic relationship between coptotermes gestroi and. The number of recognized invasive termite species has increased from 17 in 1969 to 28 today. As a guide, the coptotermes acinaciformis soldier is larger 5.
New technology for managing the formosan subterranean termite t. Pdf molecular genetic techniques have made contributions to studies on subterranean termites at all levels of biological organization. Coptotermes is a genus of termites in the family rhinotermitidae. Comparative studies on the resistance of materials to. The synonymy, distribution, and biology of coptotermes elisae desneux by f. From this, a network of galleries extends through the nearby soil, enabling the. Its biology, aggressiveness, and hidden, unpredictable invasiveness make this insect difficult to detect and. They have often been found nesting in tree trunks, tree stumps, enclosed patios and walls of buildings. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Visible new mud or soil deposition on above ground termite mound of coptotermes acinaciformis in northern territory collected in less than 14 hours of drilling 2.
They are central site nesters in tree stumps, living trees, under filledin verandahs where timber has been buried, and in walls. Rhinotermitidae species in australia with the description of two new small termite species from northern and eastern australia. This species does not build mounds, except in its more northern occurrences. Neotenic formation in laboratory colonies of the termite.
The markrecapture estimates varied widely within and between colonies 0. In the usa, coptotermes formosanus is the top termite pest having been introduced into the country 50 years ago. This unusual species differs noticeably from other regional cryptotermes. Technicalpublication department of primary industries. Nymphs in foraging populations of coptotermes gestroi. Comparative studies on the resistance of materials to species of coptotermes isoptera.
Because coptotermes species are such damaging invaders it is important to understand the pathways by which they have, and may in the future, disperse across the globe. The termite coptotermes gestroi wasmann 1896 rhinotermitidae. Such data will be of use in identifying and monitoring current and future invasion routes. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia coptotermes acinaciformis is a species of subterranean termite in the family rhinotermitidae native to australia. Review and update on the biology of coptotermes havilandi isoptera. A subsidiary termite nest can be contained in a wall cavity of a building where there is a reliable moisture source, for example, from a leaking. Phylogenetic analysis of subterranean termites coptotermes. Rhinotermitidae species in australia with the description of two new small termite species from northern and eastern australia, invertebrate systematics 312, 180190, 26 april 2017.
Their soldiers have large, sabreshaped mandibles and a pore glandular on the forehead. Although there are three sequential behaviors, excavation has been the focus of most previous studies. Therefore, we conclude that the probable identity of our isolate is c. Pseudotrichonympha leei, pseudotrichonympha lifesoni, and. May be confused with coptotermes acinaciformis and c. Household and structural insects genetic relationship between coptotermes gestroi and coptotermes vastator isoptera. Disruption of reproductive activity of coptotermes. Pseudotrichonympha is a large and structurally complex genus of parabasalian protists that play a key role in the digestion of lignocellulose in the termite hindgut. A new species of drywood termite kalotermitidae, cryptotermes colombianus, is described and new records for cryptotermes cylindroceps and cryptotermes mangoldi are presented from the caribbean coast of colombia.
Rhinotermitidae bengkeok yeap, 1ahmad sofiman othman, vannajan sanghiran lee,2 and chowyang lee1,3 j. The only other coptotermes known in this region is coptotermes acinaciformis, but unfortunately there is no barcoded vouchered specimen of this species coptotermes are notorious difficult to identify. Two species of subterranean termites, coptotermes frenchi and c. There are some exceptions to this rule, the most relevant being the attack by coptotermes acinaciformis and c. Two types of compound were obtained in greater yield from the mound than from the soil and it was concluded that these compounds had been incorporated into the mound by. Pseudotrichonympha leei, pseudotrichonympha lifesoni. Estimating population size and forager movement in a. Distinguishing these three species is difficult and should be done by and expert.
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